Pros Cons of Medical Marijuana - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 363 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Medicine Essay Tags: Marijuana Essay Did you like this example? Medical Marijuana Should marijuana be a medical option? This seems to be the question that many people ask and a very controversial issue that many people argue over. But there are many pros and cons to medical marijuana that many do not know about. People have used marijuana as a medical treatment for thousands of years. Marijuana has been hailed as a prescription for many ills and physicians once used it to stimulate the appetite, relieve chronic pain, and treat asthma and migraines. Many people are not aware of the fact that this has been so even in modern America as this plant was listed in the US Pharmacopeia, a list of the approved drugs in the United States, up until the 1940s. Medical marijuana can provide relief for conditions such as Alzheimers Disease, Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, and Epilepsy. 32% of doctors indicated they would consider prescribing medicinal cannabis products if it were legal to do so. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pros Cons of Medical Marijuana" essay for you Create order And 33% of Other Doctors and 23% of Ophthalmologists thought medical practitioners should be able to prescribe cannabis products. Marijuana is safe, safer in fact than most other prescribed medications to treat the same symptoms. Studies show that smoking marijuana alone (without the concurrent use of tobacco) does not increase the risk of lung diseases. Marijuana has been used for centuries as a medicinal agent with good effect. For every person who is for legalization of marijuana for medical purposes, there is another who argues against it. Some of the arguments from the opposition include Frequent marijuana use can seriously affect your short-term memory, frequent use can impair your cognitive ability, smoking anything, whether its tobacco or marijuana, can seriously damage your lung tissue. One of marijuana’s harmful consequences is its potential role as a gateway drug, which leads to â€Å"harder† drugs. While not all people who use marijuana go on to use other drugs, there is a high risk that people who do use it will be exposed or encourage to participate in trying more dangerous drugs. Marijuana is a valuable aid in reducing pain and suffering for patients with a variety of serious illnesses, but there are also many negative effects of marijuana on the body.

Corporate Governance Law The Executive Pay - 2686 Words

Introduction In the present days, corporate governance law is ultimately important and is influential. Particularly, the executive pay has long been a topic of interest among the legal profession for many years. As the companies need to attract the director who has skills and experience to manage the company’s resource and make profit for the company, offering high remuneration to the director could incentivize them to use maximize proficiency and experience to control the company and not to use the company’s resources to benefit themselves. Therefore, it can be argued that the remuneration for executive directors is an important factor to attract the person with the right skills to control the company. However, the executive†¦show more content†¦This essay will critically appraise the issue of unsuitable executive pay by determining the relevant principles and factors related to the executive remuneration and analyze the most plausible solutions to the proble ms. Remuneration committees The remuneration committee is one of the legal strategies which the company applied to ensure that the remuneration paid to the executive director is not managerial agency cost. The UK Corporate Governance Code (2010) recommends that the company should set up a remuneration committee with three independent non-executive directors in order to take charge of pay arrangements. The code sets out the basic role and composition of the remuneration committees; best practice on membership and way the committee working. Although, there is no statutory require companies to set up a remuneration committee, most of the big companies in UK apply this recommendation. Furthermore, this code provides the option that the chairman of the board can be a member of this committee. However, although the code’s recommendation tries to build a process which uninfluenced by the director, some commentators argue that director will still have influence over the committee and procedures to determine the pay which resulting in biased decision on higher executive pay. Moreover, most of the non-executive directors of

Hospitality and Tourism Policy and Planning

Question: Discuss about the Hospitality and Tourism Policy and Planning. Answer: Introduction: Australian tourism industry is an important part of Australian economy and tourism industry only contributes to 3% of the countrys GDP. It generates immense revenue for the country and the tourism industry is the source of employment for over 5 lakh people (Abs.gov.au. 2016). It provides diversity of jobs and helps to fund and support economic infrastructure of the country. Hence, tourism in Australia is the main contributor of economic development in the country and through its different man-made, natural and cultural attractions; the tourism industry is making their unique value (Ruhanen et al. 2013). This essay particularly discusses the importance of Australian tourism and the challenges faced in this industry. The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industries in Australia with the number of visitors soaring day by day. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, the number of tourist in Australia increased to 2.2% in December 2015. Currently, for the year 2016, it is expected that the rate of arrival will increase by 11 % (Abs.gov.au. 2016).Hence, this figure reflects tourism industry as one of the main pillar behind future economic success of the country. These impressive results have been possible because of Governments initiative to invest in tourism industry and working in a committed manner to offer extraordinary services that draws tourist to the country from different parts of the world. Therefore, the larger the amount of investment in tourism sector, the higher chances it has for contributing the economic prosperity of the country. Tourism can be efficiently used a platform to plan future economic strategy of the country. All the tourism plan and campaign behind tourism in Australia is made on the basis of National Long-Term Tourism Strategy and the 2020 tourism goals. Tourism 2020 is a remarkable policy by which long-term goal and focus of tourism industry has been developed and their growth aspirations have been decided. Thus, the tourism 2020 policy provides the necessary support to maximize the economic potential in Australian tourism industry. The main revenue of tourism is generated from lavish hotels, accommodation, casinos, tour companies, natural and man-made tourist attractions, travel agency, retail sector and many others. One of the most positive impact of Australian tourism is that it generate income for other sectors too. Tourism is related not just to holiday travel but also to visit in the country for higher studies, work and family visits too (Moyle et al. 2014). The unique landscape of Australia, its unique culture and heritage, diverse culture and nature based tourism acts as valuable asset and competitive edge for Australian tourism industry. The sustainability of the industry has been further ensured by means of increased investment and focus on quality infrastructure, exceptional quality of service, diverse range of product choice and skilled professional in the job (Buckley 2012). Theres nothing like Australia is an example of a marketing campaign which offers the best attraction and tourism experience that tourist can explore in Australia. As the consumer choice and global tourism environment is continuously going on changing, hence this acts as a challenge for the tourism sector. To keep up with the competitive environment of change, flexible campaign design is planned. For example with the increase in consumers interest for food and wine as part of travel experience, the Australian tourism industry started offering vivid culinary exp erience in tourism package. In some campus, the main focus is on providing aquatic and coastal experience to travelers who wants an adventurous holiday instead of a relaxing one. According to consumers interest and demand, the range of campaign include food and wine experience, nature and wild life experience, aquatic and wild life experience (Tourism.australia 2016). According to tourism 2020 goals, Tourism Australia wants to achieves $ 140 billion annual spending, growth their labor force, expand accommodation facility and improve quality and productivity and increase the capacity of aviation industry to tackle traveler load. Achieving this goal can be a tough task for tourism sector due to range of challenges faced in tourism industry. The main challenge is increase in competition and decrease in international market share in recent years. This trend is not encouraging and the fall in tourism expenditure since 2000 has lead to fall in the market (Ruhanen et al. 2015). Therefore, to keep up with the competition in the market, Australian tourism needs to continuously revamp the tourism infrastructure such as hotels and hospitality service standards. This will help them to cope up with the changes in the tourism environment. The rise of Australian dollar is another trend challenging the business of Australian tourism. The currency exchange rate of different countries also influences the decision to travel, choose travel destination and purchase during travel. This factor is part of impact of consumers decision making process on Australian tourism business. Secondly, exchange rate also has significant influence on level of tourism expenditure. The rise in Australian dollar will have an impact on tourist arrival rate as the consumers travel decision will be based on ability to afford tours expense. The affordability factor will also influence choice of overseas travel destination. Therefore, Tourism Australia needs to understand this change in the market and make strategic plan to keep up with the pace of change and competition in the market (Rice 2014). The essay on the importance and challenges of Australian tourism industry highlights the importance of tourism sector for growth in Australian economy and generation of employment opportunities for the citizen. The strategic vision of Australian tourism is to expand and improve the productivity in tourism sector by 2020, however achieving this can be a challenging task due to increased competition, environmental change and exchange rate in the market. However, despite challenges present in the market, Australia Tourism has immense opportunity to attract tourist by means of natural and man-made attractions. This will serve as the main asset to attract and expand business. Finally, strategic action in the area of investment in new product, increasing the uptake of digital technology, addressing shortage of labor and skilled staffs can finally lead to achieving the goal of Tourism 2020. Reference Abs.gov.au. (2016).3401.0 - Overseas Arrivals and Departures, Australia, Jun 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/products/961B6B53B87C130ACA2574030010BD05 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Buckley, R., 2012. Sustainable tourism: Research and reality.Annals of Tourism Research,39(2), pp.528-546. Moyle, B.D., McLennan, C.L.J., Ruhanen, L. and Weiler, B., 2014. Tracking the concept of sustainability in Australian tourism policy and planning documents.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(7), pp.1037-1051. Rice, P., 2014. Universal management: a proposal to change the direction of accessibility management in the Australian tourism industry to create benefits for all Australians and visitors to Australia.Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal,2(2). Ruhanen, L., Whitford, M. and McLennan, C.L., 2015. Indigenous tourism in Australia: Time for a reality check.Tourism Management,48, pp.73-83. Ruhanen, L.M., Mclennan, C.L.J. and Moyle, B.D., 2013. Strategic issues in the Australian tourism industry: A 10-year analysis of national strategies and plans.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,18(3), pp.220-240. Tourism.australia. 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.tourism.australia.com/campaigns/TNLA.aspx [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016].

Immorality Heart Of Darkness Essay Example For Students

Immorality Heart Of Darkness Essay In Heart of Darkness, Marlowes tale begins and ends in literal darkness and even though Joseph Conrad allows many themes to present themselves, the strongest always prevails, Marlows darkness. The setting of the novel is often utterly dark, such as when Marlowe retrieves Kurtz or possibly the black skinned people that live along the Congo River; and, of course, the uncertain, almost eerie tone that suffocates the novel. Darkness can, for example, represent evil, the unknown, mystery, sadness or fear. Also important is the way darkness and light can be used to represent two opposite emotions or concepts. Darkness and light in Conrads novel are used to represent the dark skinned vs. white, illusion vs. reality and many others. Conrad uses darkness in several ways, whether its to represent the unknown or to trick the minds of the characters into being more frightened than necessary. Many times in the novel the characters are not afraid of the darkness itself, but what lies within it. One of the most alarming scenes occurs when the men aboard the fog-bound steamer hear a loud cry from somewhere around them. It is particularly frightening because the men know some potential threat is near, but they cannot see it; it is simply out there in the darkness, waiting. In the beginning of the novel, it has a tone of serenity and peacefulness when suddenly something happens. Not an event or an action, but the emergence of a voice. Marlow, while remaining in the pose of a Buddha preaching in European clothes (20), begins to speak. And this also, said Marlow suddenly, has been one of the dark places of the earth. I was thinking of very old times, when the Romans first came here, nineteen hundred years agothe other day.

William Faulkner Essays (1598 words) - Modernist Literature

William Faulkner William Faulkner is viewed by many as America's greatest writer of prose fiction. He was born in New Albany, Mississippi where he lived a life filled with good times and bad times. However, despite bad times he would become known as a poet, a short story writer, and finally one of the greatest contemporary novelist of his time. William Faulkner's accomplishments resulted not only from his love and devotion of writing, but also from family, friends, and certain uncontrollable events. William Faulkner's life is an astonishing accomplishment; however, it is crucial to explore his life prior to his fixated writing career. In 1905, Faulkner entered the first grade at a tender age of eight, and immediately showed signs of talent. He not only drew an explicitly detailed drawing of a locomotive, but he soon became an honour-roll student: "His report card would show no grades below Perfect or Excellent" (Blotner 21). Throughout his early education he would work conscientiously at reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic; however, he especially enjoyed drawing. His deportment at school was very high, but it was not as high as it was at home. When Faulkner got promoted to third grade, skipping the second grade, he was asked by his teacher what he wanted to be when he grew up, and he replied, "I want to be a writer just like my great granddaddy" (Blotner 23). At last, (in 1914) Faulkner took interest in poetry, but no one in Oxford could tell him what to do with his poems. Meanwhile, Faulkner, who is very talkative, would always entertain Katrina Carter and Estelle Oldham by telling them vividly imagined stories. Eventually, Faulkner grew very fond of Estelle in fact, if he heard her voice he would deliberately attempt to be spotted by Katrina in hopes that she asks him to join her. Estelle soon became the sole inspirer and recipient of Faulkner's earlier poems. Coincidentally, a gentleman named Phil Stone would fall in love with Estelle's friend, Katrina. As a result, Katrina had told Stone about Faulkner and his poetry. So one afternoon, Stone walked to Faulkner's home to get acquainted, and during his visit he received several written verses from Faulkner' poetry collections: "Anybody could have seen that he (Faulkner) had talent...it was perfectly obvious" (Blotner 44). Stone not only became Faulkner's close friend, but also a mentor to the young writer at the beginning of his career. Stone immediately gave the potential poet encouragement, advice, and models for his study of literature. For example, Stone would give practice drills in punctuation, as well as lecture Faulkner on goals and grammars. Meanwhile, Faulkner's main interest in school became athletics such as football and baseball, thus his grades started to deteriorate: "Bill showed absolutely no interest in the education being offered...He gazed out the windows, and answered the simplest questions with ?I don't know'" (Blotner 39). Eventually, he would quit both athletics and school altogether. In 1919, his first literary work was acknowledged and published in The New Republic. The poem is a forty-line verse with a French title that acknowledges the influence of the French Symbolist, "L'Apres-Midi d'un Faune." In September, Faulkner would enroll in the University of Mississippi, and during his academic years it did not deter him from writing more poems. The Mississippian, the student paper, published "Landing in Luck" by Faulkner- the story is a nine-page short story created from his direct experience in the Royal Air Force flight training in 1916. He has also written several other poems such as "Cathay", which is published in the Oxford Eagle and "Sapphic", which is published in The Mississippian. During the summer, Faulkner became a house painter in Oxford, and in the beginning of autumn he enrolled in the University of Mississippi; however, his early pattern of school started to take toll. Faulkner began to cut classes and finally just stopped going. Although, this time he participated in a drama club called "The Marionettes", and began to publish book reviews in The Mississippian. In the summer of 1921, Faulkner decided to take a trip to New York to receive some professional instructions from editors and critics, since Stone was busy with his academic studies. Faulkner stayed with a man named Stark Young, where they shared an incredibly small apartment. Later, Young introduced Faulkner to Elizabeth Prall of the Doubleday bookstore to see if she wanted some help prior to the Christmas rush. Reluctantly, Prall accepted and never regretted her choice since. "Faulkner made a good clerk-polite, interested, and one of the best salesman in the store...

Every AP Literature Practice Test Available Free and Official

Every AP Literature Practice Test Available Free and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips When you’re studying for your AP Literature Exam, you’re going to want to use practice tests and questions to hone your skills. But where can you find AP literature practice tests? And are all practice exams equally useful for you? The real exam has 55 multiple-choice questions and three free-response questions, but there are practice tests with every conceivable number and combination of question types. In this article, you’ll learn where to find every official College Board AP English Literature and Composition practice exam, free unofficial tests, and paid practice test resources. You’ll also find out which tests are high-quality and how you can best use different practice exams to fulfill your studying needs. Official Free AP Literature Practice Tests The gold standard of AP English Literature practice tests and AP English Literature practice exam questions are College Board released materials. That’s because the College Board administers the AP exams, so their practice questions are most like the actual AP questions you’ll see on the test. There are three different kinds of resources offered by the College Board: complete released exams from past years, released free-response questions from past years, and sample questions from the â€Å"AP Course And Exam Description.† Official Released College Board Exams There are three official released College Board Exams. However, only the most recent one (from 2012) is complete. The 1999 and 1987 exams have the standard 55 multiple-choice questions, but both are missing parts of the three question free-response section. You can still use them as complete exams if you supplement them with released free-response questions from past years which we recommend since official multiple-choice problems are hard to come by. 2012 AP English Literature and Composition Exam This is the best AP Lit practice test available. It's the most recent exam released by the College Board, and it follows the format of the current test with 55 multiple-choice questions and three free-response questions. Definitely make use of this test! 1999 AP English Literature and Composition Exam This test excludes the poetry and prose analysis questions of the free-response section and only has the student choice question.So, to take itas a complete exam, you’d need to supplement it with questions 1 and 2 from the released free-response questions below. You can actually getquestion 2for the 1999 test from the official free-response questions bank, but the excerpt for question 1 can’t be reprinted, so you’ll need to supplement with another poetry analysis question. 1987 AP English Literature and Composition ExamFor reasons that are not totally clear, this exam excludes the third essay question, the poetry analysis. If you want to take this as â€Å"complete† exam practice, use a free-response poetry analysis prompt from the bank of free response questions linked to below. Or supplement with this tree-poem. Official Free-Response Questions There may not be very many complete released exams, but there are tons of free-response questions available from previous administrations of the test. These are great practice, not just for practicing complete essays, but for practicing writing thesis statements, outlines, and so on. What’s also great about these is that most of them come with sample response and scoring guidelines, so you’ll be able to see exactly what makes a high-quality AP essay by College Board standards.Be aware, though, that some of the prose and poetry excerpts can’t be reprinted due to copyright concerns. Below isthe link to all the free-response questions available.The questions go all the way back to 1999, and since there haven't been many changes to the free-response part of the exam, all of these questions can be useful during your studying. AP English Lit Free Response Questions 1999-2019 Sample Questions From the Course and Exam Description The AP English Literature Course and Exam Description has practice multiple-choice questions and free-response questions. They don’t add up to a complete testthere are only 46 multiple-choice questions and a whopping six free response (enough for two tests!)but they are great for simple practice. Your Teacher Your AP teacher may have access to copies of old AP exams that you can use for practice. She probably can’t let you take them out of the classroom, but she may be allowed to loan them to you in a supervised setting. This is because teachers can purchase resources directly from the College Board that students can’t. Asking your teacher may not bear fruit, but it’s worth a try. Why are you asking me for AP lit practice tests? I'm your econ teacher! Free Unofficial AP Literature Practice Tests In addition to the free College Board resources, there are also several places online where you can get free, unofficial practice tests. Be aware that, because these resources aren’t College-Board created or approved, they are of variable quality. For each of these resources I’ll describe what’s offered and how it compares to official College Board tests. Barron’s Books Free Practice Test Barron’s, those distinguished makers of review books, also offer a complete free practice test with multiple choice and free response.They provide the author and name of the work, but not the date. All of these free resources probably credit the authors for copyright reasons, but you won’t have this information on the actual exam. You can take the test timed or in â€Å"practice† mode.While answers are provided for the multiple-choice questions, no scoring guidelines are provided for the free-response prompts. This isn’t an official resource, but the questions are high quality and a good option when you’ve run out of official material. If you combined the multiple-choice questions with some official released free-response questions (with scoring guidelines and sample essays) you could geta pretty good approximation of a complete practice test. Varsity Tutors AP Literature Practice Tests This site has practice multiple-choice quizzes divided by conceptthings like â€Å"interpreting the passage,† â€Å"claims and argument,† and â€Å"interpreting excerpts.† The questions aren’t worded exactly the same way as AP test questions, but they are still okay for testing your passage-interpretation skills. Basically, the questions test for similar skills, but don’t necessarily mimic AP test questions in style. Also, the site provides the date, title, and author of each work, which is not something you’ll receive on the AP exam.You can make a free account at the site to track your scores, but it’s not necessary to be able to take the tests. Kittens not included with free practice tests, unfortunately. Albert AP English Literature Quizzes Albert offers multiple-choice quizzes divided into prose, poetry, and drama categories. You are given the title, date, and author of the workwhich you will not receive on the real AP exam. Like the Varsity Tutors quizzes, Albert offers questions that test similar skills as the AP exam, but the questions are worded differently. High School Test Prep Tests This site offers three short multiple-choice practice tests. You’re given the title and author of the work. The questions for these tests are fairly surface-level, so I would only use these if you are working on your reading comprehension skills. CrackAP English Literature Quizzes CrackAP has over 40 short AP Lit quizzes. Each quiz gives a passage then has 15 multiple-choice questions on it. The questions are somewhat easier than you'll find on the real AP exam, but if you need some quick practice, this can do the trick. Practice Quiz AP English Literature This site offers a 20-question multiple-choice quiz on two passagesone poetry, and one prose. The passages are extremely basic, however, so again, I would only use this resource if you are working on your reading comprehension skills. 4Tests AP English Lit Test This site offers 35 multiple-choice questions. However, there are lots of ads, the questions are poorly written and vague, the interface is clunky, and the passages are very long. Overall, I do not recommend this site. College Board SAT Literature Materials While they aren’t identical by any means, you can definitely use SAT Literature Subject Test practice questions to hone your skill in answering multiple-choice questions about passages. The SAT Subject Test in Literature focuses a little more on the meaning of words and phrases in context and less on making inferences and describing the author’s purpose, but they can still be a useful resource simply for reading and answering high-level, in-depth questions on prose and poetry. You can get sample SAT Literature questions online hereor in the â€Å"The SAT Subject Tests Student Guide† booklet released by the College Board. The queens of AP Lit practice give you their blessing. Paid Unofficial Practice Tests There are also several paid resources that offer unofficial practice questions. Shmoop This is a subscription service with questions for tons of different testsSAT, ACT, AP exams.They also have videos and other review resources. I can’t really speak to the quality of the questions because the entire service is behind a paywall of about $25 a month. Review Books Most, if not all, review books contain practice tests and questions. These will vary in quality depending on the quality of the review book, so be sure to look for reviews online of any book before you buy it. In general, Barron’s and the Princeton Review are fairly reliable review book sources. I definitely advise paying for all of these resources with whatever loose foreign change you have lying around. How to Use AP Literature Practice Tests How to use a given practice test depends somewhat on the resource itself. I’ll offer some recommendations here on how to best use different resources. Complete Official Released Tests The best way to use a complete official practice test is to do a practice-run for the exam. So find a quiet room, bring a timer or watch so you can time sections, and get to work! This will help you get familiar with the exam experience so you’ll feel more comfortable on exam day! Since there are two complete AP Lit practice tests, it makes sense to take one early on in your studying time, and one later. You can get a parent, tutor or teacher to grade the exams. The early test will help you figure out what you need to work on, and the later test will show you how you’ve improved! Since the AP English Literature test is more skills-heavy than content-heavy, you shouldn’t feel totally lost taking a practice test even in the middle of the school year. Official Released Free-Response and Sample Questions Official resources that aren’t complete tests are best for practicing individual sections of the test. The sample multiple-choice questions in the â€Å"Course and Exam Description† make for great AP English Literature multiple-choice practicethey’ll help you get familiar with the style of the questions and practice close-reading. The wealth of released free-response questions are great resources for building your timed essay-writing skills. You can practice complete essays ordevelop essay outlines. Unofficial Practice Tests and Resources Since unofficial practice tests aren’t going to be quite as similar to the real AP exam as official College Board materials, they won’t be quite as useful for preparing for the format of the exam or its questions. However, they can be very valuable close-reading practice. And since that’s a critical skill for the exam, it’s still worth it to use unofficial resources. Be very quiet. She's close-reading. Key Takeaways Practice tests and questions are a hugely important resource as you prep for the AP Lit exam. The gold standard of practice resources are those that come from the College Board, but there are many other places where you can get practice questions that will help you hone your close-reading skills for the exam.Most of the resources listed in this article are free, but a few are paid. When you’ve assembled a stable of practice resources, you might not be quite sure how to use them. Official College Board practice tests are best for simulating the exam experience. College Board questions are good for focused preparation for individual sections of the examespecially the essays. Unofficial resources are best for further honing your close-reading skills. Now that you know where to find these resources,you’ll have even more time to prep for the AP Literature exam by completing practice questions! What's Next? Wondering what you should be reading for AP Lit? Check out our list of 127 great books to help you prepare for the AP Literature exam. Need more study guidance for your APs? See my five-step AP prep plan.Or see our guide on when to start studying for your APs. If you're looking for practice tests for other AP exams, see our assembled practice tests for AP US History, AP Chemistry, AP Biology, AP World History, and AP Psychology. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

EU LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

EU LAW - Essay Example To preserve such provision, the European Court of Justice was established. When it comes to the application of competition law amongst the different facets of European healthcare, the view of lawyers are at odds. At one end of the gamut, many are apprehensive of its general applicability in the local laws while on the other hand, some argued that these laws fit perfectly in the health care scene. An area of focus is the difference of health care against the other sectors of the European economy. When the primary goal is protecting the patient and meeting their needs in the workforce, then modifications in their applicability is one way of bridging the gap. For example, hospitals must not attempt to put profit gain before service to the public; hence the imperatives of the free market do not directly affect them. II. Health safeguards in the I.T workforce A. First Scenario Assuming that an EU regulation provides for a 5-minute break of employees working with computers at two hour inte rvals throughout the working day; however, UK laws lack such provision. The area of interest now would be the rights of an employer against an employee, after she developed migraine attacks resulting from her constant use of computer, as required from her job. The Van Gend en Loos vs. Neatherland2 2established dual vigilance used to enforce the directives of the European law with every Member State. As a brief background, Van Gend en Loos was a shipping company that imports ureaformaldehyde to Holland with duty charged by the customs services. Thinking such as a clear violation of the former Article 12 EC (Article 25 EC) on the common market, the company asked for reimbursements. However, the Dutch court claimed lack of jurisdiction, since the law is not Dutch. Now, with reference to Article 177 EC (Article 234 EC), the company brought the case to the European Court of Justice citing that the Dutch court erred in its non-application of the EC laws33. In its decision, the ECJ said th at the nature of the EEC treaty on common market implies that the treaty itself does not only laid down a blanket of mutual obligations between the States involved but at the same time, it functions and acts directly to the concerns of the parties in interest. It even added, in relevance to the effect of the treaty, the specific article (Article 12) is to be construed as having direct effects and thus producing individual state rights that every nation ought to protect4. As a conclusion from the case at bar, from the establishment of the signatory states of the international European laws, then the states have effectively limited their sovereign rights – therefore creating a new legal order in these countries. However, in the thin scope of rights, the subjects are not only the states as well as the citizens and nationals. In short, these laws do not only enforce obligations to member states and it citizens but more importantly, it provides a set of rights that will be part of their legal heritage5. Based from the course of action taken by VGL above, the same can be used in order to secure her rights against UK’s (assuming) lack of implementing rules and guidelines of the established law regulation. However, it is to be taken as a consideration that even of the Van